区域科技基础条件平台构建研究

区域科技基础条件平台的构建，可以更好的发挥公共科技服务在区域自主创新和科技进步中的作用，有利于减少科技资源布局分散和重复建设等问题，将为区域主导产业的发展起到极大的促进作用，可以确保产业在全国同行业中处于领先地位。本文在解析了区域科技基础条件平台建设影响因素的基础上，分析区域科技基础条件平台构建的目标任务和重点工作内容，并探讨相关的保障措施。     

Inflationary shocks and real output growth in nine Muslim-majority countries: Implications for Islamic banking and finance

Low and stable inflation is important for maintaining the viability of Islamic banking and finance within a dual banking system. Inflationary shocks when transmitted to real output growth cause a shift of investment to fixed return products as a hedge against the uncertainty of returns on equity investment under Islamic profit-loss sharing contracts. This study examines the transmission of inflationary shocks to the real economy for nine Muslim-majority countries (Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey) that have introduced Islamic banking, all except Iran within dual-banking systems. A structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) framework is deployed to understand macroeconomic relationships using annual data from the late 1970s to 2014. The key finding is that inflationary shocks affect real interest and exchange rates which in turn impact real output growth. The paper argues that the absorption of inflationary shocks in real interest and exchange rates is the outcome of rigidities in nominal interest and exchange rates within repressed financial systems. Policy regimes that allow for greater adjustment in nominal interest and exchange rates under a deregulated financial system would offer better shock absorption capacity which would lead to less volatility in inflation, real interest and exchange rates, and real output growth. The resulting more stable macroeconomic environment would be more conducive to the development of an Islamic financial sector that would promote economic growth.     

“中国道路”的接续探索与时代价值

“中国道路”的发展“奇迹”引起了国内外专家学者热议，有赞誉，有指责；有肯定，也有否定，呈现出多种思考与议论。针对这些热议，需要坚持“历史与逻辑”相统一的辩证唯物主义立场来认识“中国道路”演化的系统性和必然性，进而领会“中国道路”的时代价值。“中国道路”创新和丰富了世界现代化发展模式。将“中国道路”的“历史起点和逻辑起点”放在宏观时空环境中来观察分析，以期深刻揭示选择走“中国道路”的必然性；同时秉持历史唯物主义基本立场和观点，坚决批判历史虚无主义，树立“道路自信”。     

发展中国家就业保护法规研究——国外文献述评与启示

就业保护法规可以保护劳动者就业权益,避免发展中国家在经济发展过程中拉大贫富差距,延缓经济发展速度。但是过于严格的就业保护法规会导致人力资源市场僵化,对经济产生不利的影响。寻找人力资源市场安全性与灵活性的平衡点是发展中国家在就业保护立法过程中的难点,也是理论界研究的热点。文章对国外学术界关于发展中国家就业保护法规的研究进行了详细梳理,从其发展脉络、研究方法、研究思路等方面进行了评述。在此基础上,文章对发展中国家就业保护法规未来的研究重点进行了展望,并指出我国有必要借鉴发展中国家就业保护法规研究的经验,使其在我国人力资源市场的发展中发挥积极作用。     

中小企业融资难的新解读

中小企业融资难问题已成为制约我国市场经济体制改革的重要因素。对主要发达国家经验的梳理,可以得到解决该问题的一般规律。基于我国中小企业发展的特点、金融系统结构失衡、政府职能错位三个方面的解读,可以发现我国中小企业融资难问题具有特殊性。本文提出的建议,包括构建"银政合作"模式,推进金融体制改革,创建中小型金融机构。     

Country Differences in Material Deprivation in Europe

This paper assesses to what extent differences in the characteristics of individuals (micro‐level perspective) and country‐specific factors (macro‐level perspective) can explain country differences with respect to material deprivation levels. Thus, our work aims to simultaneously consider the macro dimension and the predominantly individually‐oriented study field of material deprivation using multilevel techniques. We make use of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Our results show that country‐specific factors seem to be much more relevant than individual effects in explaining country differences in material deprivation. We estimate that the introduction of country‐specific factors reduces the proportion of total variance due to between‐country differences in deprivation by 72.7 percent, while individual‐level variables reduce this proportion by only 9.4 percent. We also show, through interaction variables, that the effect of sociodemographic characteristics can be shaped by institutional and structural factors, especially by the level of GDP.     

The ‘credibility thesis’ and its application to property rights: (In)Secure land tenure,conflict and social welfare in China

Debates over tenure insecurity have been divided between those favoring private, marketable, and formalized property rights versus champions of grassroots’ customary and communal arrangements. By positing the “credibility thesis”, this article argues that it might be more insightful to move beyond concepts of formal and informal, private and common, or secure and insecure institutions, to leave the discussion about institutional form for a discussion about function. The notion of credibility does so by drawing attention to institutional function over time and space rather than to a desired form postulated by theory or political conviction. Apart from furthering the theoretical foundations on credibility and institutional functionalism, this article aims to develop its methodology and empirical study by taking China as a case study, with particular reference to its rural land-lease system, which is perceived to be highly insecure due to forced evictions and government intervention. Paradoxically, the study finds significant social support for the rural land-lease system and a low level of conflict. These findings might indicate that the form of the Chinese rural lease system (insecure tenure) is the outcome of its present function (provision of social welfare). Simultaneously, it was also found that when conflict does occur expropriation is a prime cause for it.     

试论我国行业管理法的地位与体系

行业管理法是经济法体系中的一项法律，但是从宏观和微观的分类上行业管理法既不属于宏观经济调控法，也不属于微观的市场规制法，从其功能上来说行业管理法属于调整中观管理的经济法，行业管理法体系包含行业管理基本法、行业管理部门规章以及行业协会的自治规范等内容，具有指导思想和制度规范的立法，行业管理法对于促进行业领域的正常运行具有重要的意义。行业管理法与产业政策法规具有密切的关系，两者之间相辅相成，在国家的产业发展中共同发挥着指引和规范作用，研究行业管理法的地位和体系离不开产业政策法的分析介绍。笔者在本文中对行业管理法的地位和重要作用进行了分析，对行业管理法的体系内容也进行了详细的阐述，旨在通过本文的研究让更多人的认识到行业管理法，从而促进行业管理法作用的有效发挥。     

CO‐INTEGRATING VAR MODELS AND ECONOMIC POLICY

This paper surveys some relevant contributions to the economic literature on co‐integrating vector autoregressive (VAR) models [vector error correction mechanisms (VECMs)], emphasizing their usefulness for economic policy. It further discusses some theoretical aspects that are necessary for a complete understanding of their potential. The theoretical introduction of the co‐integrating VAR model is followed by an illustration of its applications to monetary policy, fiscal policy and exchanges rates as well as in establishing the effects of structural bilateral shocks between countries (the so‐called global VAR, or GVAR, models). Special attention is paid to the VECM capacities of being used in conjunction with dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models and of jointly specifying the short‐ and long‐run dynamics, thus representing the steady‐state of economic systems (by means of the co‐integration relations) and the short‐run dynamics around it.